Harmonised competitiveness indices ( HCI ) , based on weighted averages of relative prices deflated by the HICP , provide one comparable measure of individual euro area countries price competitiveness .

Likewise , measures that increase price flexibility and non price competitiveness are essential .

Likewise , measures that increase price flexibility and non price competitiveness are essential .

The reason is simple there is more much more to competitiveness than energy prices.

In the area of economic policy , the Commission recommends broad guidelines for the economic policies in the Community and reports to the EU Council on economic developments and policies .

How can such a huge price gap not have an impact on competitiveness?

Persistent losses in relative cost competitiveness can also relate to a number of structural rigidities leading to inertia in price and wage formation and excessive increases in labour costs .

This price advantage will enhance America s competitiveness as a manufacturing location, particularly for energy intensive activities.

With German prices rising at less than 1 annually, the eurozone periphery needs falling prices in order to regain the competitiveness lost during the pre 2008 boom years.

The first creates a permanent dependence on transfers, which, by sustaining relative prices, prevents the economy from regaining competitiveness.

8 Euro area exporters lowered their prices in euro in an attempt to offset the loss in price competitiveness resulting from the appreciation of the euro ( see Chart 25 ) .

Moderate labour cost increases are particularly necessary in countries which have lost price competitiveness in recent years .

The Eurosystem offers two overnight standing facilities the marginal lending facility and the deposit facility . Stress testing analysis of how an investment strategy would perform if some assumptions regarding adverse changes in relevant risk factors were made ( e.g. higher volatility and correlation between portfolio instruments ) .

Such measures will help to maintain an environment conducive to price stability and support competitiveness and employment .

Clearly, such considerations provide no guarantee that rising energy prices will not at some point seriously challenge European competitiveness.

In this context , wage agreements should take into account price competitiveness positions , the still high level of unemployment in many economies , as well as productivity developments .

Wage agreements should take into account productivity developments in connection with the still high level of unemployment and positions in price competitiveness .

Differentials may cause losses in competitiveness and output growth As a result of the persistent inflation differentials observed , the euro area countries have experienced marked differences in terms of the evolution of national price competitiveness indicators .

Fifth , developments in price competitiveness and unit labour cost competitiveness across the euro area economies must be closely monitored .

Assessment of competitiveness

What is notable is that rising energy prices have been accompanied not only by relatively robust competitiveness, but also by huge reductions in CO2 emissions.

In particular, the Member States concerned shall endeavour to take such measures so as to ensure that prices for combined transport are competitive with those for other modes of transport.

Wage setting needs to take into account productivity developments , the still high level of unemployment in many economies , and price competitiveness positions .

Such schemes involve the risk of upward shocks in inflation leading to a wage price spiral , which would be detrimental to employment and competitiveness in the countries concerned .

Such schemes involve the risk of upward shocks in inflation leading to a wage price spiral , which would be detrimental to employment and competitiveness in the countries concerned .

on the competitiveness of businesses The same goes for the competitiveness of business 43

Specifically, an appreciating dollar improves the price competitiveness of European and Japanese companies in the US and other markets, while moderating some of the structural deflationary pressure in the lagging economies by causing import prices to rise.

In this context , wage agreements should take into account price competitiveness positions , the still high level of unemployment in many economies , as well as productivity developments .

In this context , wage agreements should take into account productivity developments , while recognising the still high level of unemployment and price competitiveness positions .

Such schemes involve the risk of upward shocks in inflation leading to a wage price spiral , which would be detrimental to employment and competitiveness in the countries concerned .

The main house price indices measure only asking prices and not actual sales prices.

In particular , euro area exports are projected in the near term to reflect the global slowdown , affected also by the lagged effects of past losses in the price competitiveness of the euro area . The rebound in exports

Harmonised competitiveness indicators for euro area countries

Protracted losses in price and cost competitiveness , if not associated with equilibrium price and cost adjustments , may adversely affect output and employment , as well as trade and current account balances ( see Chart 7 ) .

Changes in competitiveness must be monitored

In addition , the euro area 's export market shares are projected to decline , owing to increased competition from emerging markets and to losses in price competitiveness .

Looking ahead , risks to external competitiveness could arise if countries were to be confronted with strong pressure to align their wage and price levels too quickly with those of the EU .

This would offer southern European countries a way out of their competitiveness trap, because if prices remained unchanged in the south, while the northern countries inflated, the southern countries could gradually reduce their goods relative prices without feeling too much pain.

First, with the current raw materials bonanza driving up prices of exported goods, the region is increasingly vulnerable to the so called Dutch disease, whereby higher wages and prices spread throughout the economy, weakening competitiveness, particularly in industrial markets.

Price developments

Wage agreements in particular should be sufficiently differentiated to take into account price competitiveness positions , the still high level of unemployment in many economies and sector specific productivity developments .

33. We emphasize the need to address the impact of weak and volatile commodity prices and support the efforts of commodity dependent countries to restructure, diversify and strengthen the competitiveness of their commodity sectors.

On the one hand , deficits of this magnitude could signal problems in terms of price competitiveness . On the other hand , they may reflect the catching up process of an economy such as Lithuania .

Wage agreements in particular should be sufficiently differentiated to take into account price competitiveness positions , the still high level of unemployment in many economies and sector specific productivity developments .

Terobosan teknologi telah meningkatkan persaingan sumber sumber energi ini dibandingkan bahan bakar fosil.