The clue to this came from another marine bacterium, and it's a bacterium called Vibrio fischeri.

That disease is caused by bacteria.

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We're not the first ones to have to protect ourselves from some bacteria.

And so this particular bacterium is actually visible to the naked eye.

So, the bacteria grows hair on the crab.

Here was one of the first things they built.

Hygromycin B is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus .

Because the bacteria we was had no idea of what we are today.

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A bacterium, which has no consciousness at all, wants to move towards light.

The first thing that we ever read was in 1995 a little bacteria called Haemophilus influenzae.

BL The white material is a type of bacteria that thrives at 180 degrees C.

The first is to create a kind of balloon structure, fill it with bacteria, then allow the sand to wash over the balloon, pop the balloon, as it were, disseminating the bacteria into the sand and solidifying it.

What you're looking at on this slide is just a person from my lab holding a flask of a liquid culture of a bacterium, a harmless beautiful bacterium that comes from the ocean, named Vibrio fischeri.

It's different when a bacteria comes into the body that's a foreign object we want that out.

Already it is possible to sequence the entire genetic code of a bacterium in under four hours.

And what you're looking at with this namibiensis is the biggest bacteria we've ever seen.

Now this bacterium is part of mats that are found off the coast of Chile.

And so we use a virus that's a non toxic virus called M13 bacteriophage that's job is to infect bacteria.

What we now know is that if we treat the animal with a pathogenic bacterium a multi drug resistant pathogenic bacterium in the same time we give our anti quorum sensing molecule, in fact, the animal lives.

The pH of 11, and yet it had chemosynthetic bacteria living in it and at this extreme environment.

We should have known that this existed because this is the only bacteria that you can see to the naked eye.

What was actually interesting to us was not that the bacteria made light, but when the bacteria made light.

Each bacteria uses a particular molecule that's its language that allows it to count its own siblings.

They either pop the bacterial membrane, they make the bacterium so it can't replicate its DNA.

Already what were thought to be bacteria for generations have been found to compose, instead, two great domains of microorganisms true bacteria and one celled organisms the archaea, which are closer than other bacteria to the eukaryota, the group that we belong to.

This bacterium has the special property that it makes light, so it makes bioluminescence, like fireflies make light.

What the important thing is that we learned is that every bacterium has exactly the same enzyme and makes exactly the same molecule.

The toxin that causes diphtheria is produced by a normally benign bacterium when infected with a certain virus.

And in fact, the smallest unit of matter that can evolve independently is, in fact, a single cell a bacteria.

My response is a sandstone wall made from bacteria and solidified sand, stretching across the desert.

It's a natural process. It goes on in nature today, and the bacteria die as soon as we stop feeding them.

Some strains of this bacterium are pathogenic to humans as it is strongly associated with peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis, duodenitis, and stomach cancer.

This transfer of genetic sequences from parasites to hosts could involve hundreds of genes for a bacterium in different hosts.

Can you imagine? From that stupid bacteria to us, with a microphone, with a computer, with an iPod four billion years.

She's so stubborn. I bet if she ever gets reincarnated, she'd be a bacteria capable of living in empty space.

So, hopefully, we will go from being the art of medicine more to the science of medicine, and be able to do what they do in infectious disease, which is look at that organism, that bacteria, and then say, This antibiotic makes sense, because you have a particular bacteria that will respond to it.

What if I could stick this molecule, slap it onto a bacteria that was pathogenic to me, that had just invaded my lungs?

Vaccines protecting against Helicobacter pylori and hepC are in development (although the latter is proving particularly challenging).

What you know is that when that bacterium gets into the animal, in this case, a mouse, it doesn't initiate virulence right away.

Two billion people worldwide carry the bacterium that causes TB, one in ten of whom will develop the disease.

But the researchers found that the bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, Calif., is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorous.

So you can take a bacteria that really doesn't make these things at all, and if you could clamp these on it really well you have it taken off the street.

Every life form on this planet every insect, every bacteria, every plant, every animal, every human, every politician is coded in that stuff.